Thread: Gurkhas-related discussions / The Battle of Surabaya / Liberation at Werfstraat prison Surabaya 10 Nov 1945

The Battle of Surabaya / Liberation at Werfstraat prison Surabaya 10 Nov 1945

November 10th. 1945

Reserve-captain Jack Boer – born Jacobus Lambertus Boer on May 28th 1911 in Rotterdam – of the Koninklijk Nederlandsch Indisch Leger

(KNIL / Royal Dutch East Indies Army) from 04:00 hours onwards liberates 2.384 Dutch and Dutch-East-Indies / Eurasian prisonners from the Kalisosok-prison at the Werfstraat in Surabaya.

All of the about 200 guards are being neutralized (killed), one British Gurkha ally is killed in Action (KIA).

 

He executes this action with ten British Gurkha soldiers who had been made available to him by the British Army and were armed with handguns, handgranates and a dilapidated British Stuart M3A1-tank.

A couple of weeks before, on October 25th in the harbour at Tandjung Perak Britsish Brigadier George Mallaby came ashore; on October 30th he was killed at the "Red bridge" (Jembatan Merah) in Surabaya. He inspected the city by car, landed into an uproar and perished upon the explosion of his car.

Saucy detail is that he had just agreed upon a truce in the Internatio building at the Willemsplein with Hatta en Soekarno…

The murder of Mallaby, commander of the 49th Indian Infantry Brigade, did not leave the Britsh allied command untouched. His successor, general Robert Mansergh, on November 9th 1945 made an ultimatum: before 06.00 hours the next day the Indonesian insurgent battlegroups in Soerabaja had to have laid down their arms, all hostages freeed and the Indonesian leaders surrendered. At that time 2.384 Dutchmen and Dutch Eurasians already remained at the Werfstraat prison in Surabaya as hostages.

At that time Jack Boer worked for the "Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij" (BPM) – a predeseccor of Shell – in aid of the fuel supply og the Dutch fleet at the Surabaya Navalbase. But he also was a reserve-officer of the Koninklijk Nederlandsch Indisch Leger (KNIL / Royal Dutch East Indies Army).

Voluntarily he made himself available as translator/guide for a platoon of Gurkha’s in order to join the siege of the Werfstraat prison at his own peril. Danger was imminent because the insurgent Indonesian battlegroups would kill the Dutch and Dutch-East-Indian (Eurasian) hostages. Dressed in a British Army uniform KNIL reserve captain Jack Boer joined the action.

Who were at the "Werfstraatgevangenis" (Werfstraat Prison)?

On or around October 15th 1945 amongst others the Dutch and Dutch Eurasians at the colonial Simpang Society Club had ben aprehended and transferred to this prison. Three and a half weeks later the Ambonesian Pattiradjawane, a guard of the prison, came to tell that the plan was to poison the Dutch with arsenic and afterwards burn the Werfstraat prison to the ground. The next day still November 10th, Jack Boer and his men, after an armed skirmish with the guards, liberated the innocent Dutch internees from the prison. who had been cramped into one men cells with sometimes15 of them.

Jack took them to Tandjong Perak harbour.

This took place in the night in which according to the records of , the British colonel Lewis H.O. Pugh – deputy commander of the 49th Indian Infantry Brigade – the Indonesian radio: "[…] broadcast ceaselessly a call to wage total war. They threatened the death of any prisoners captured […]".

Meanwhile Jack Boer was wanted by the Indonesians for this rescue action with an amount of 10.000 guilders on his head !

The British ultimatum by general Mansergh still remained unaswered, upon which it took the British five weeks to break the Indonesian resistance in Surabaya.

About 15.000 Indonesian did not live to tell. About four hundred British military got either wounded or were killed.

The rescue action at the Werfstraat prison turned out to have become the anacrusis for a battle in Surabaya, in which ships were sunk and harbour installations destroyed. The British occupation forces on Java – there were hardly any Dutch military personnel about - had under estimated the rebels who had also murdered Brigadier Mallaby.

My father Eduard Maximiliaan Schell ( * 16-05-1925 - + 31-05-2007) was one of the Dutch-East-Indies / Eurasian prisonners who were liberated from the Werfstraat prison that November 10th. 1945 by the ten British Gurkha soldiers led by Reserve captain Jack Boer.soldiers led by captain Boer, I wouldn't have been here at all.

If it weren't for this action by these ten British Gurkha

I owe my very existence to these men.

Where governments lack in gratitude and respect towards their fighting forces and citizens in general, it is up to the individual to say thank you.

For also the Dutch government did not acknowledge the rescue action in Surabaya on November 10th 1945 ever occured !

It seems governments the world over are of the same kind.

So eventhough my dad didn't manage to write his book about his experience with these wonderful soldiers before he passed away in 2007, I will 65 years after this event took place, grab the opportunity and say thank you to the bravest of the brave instead.

, it is early in the morning and very tumultuous in Surabaya.



Re: The Battle of Surabaya / Liberation at Werfstraat prison Surabaya 10 Nov 1945
Thank you for sharing your story. Is this an excerpt from a book? I do not know much about the battle of Surabaya but would definitely be interested in reading the history behind it.



Re: The Battle of Surabaya / Liberation at Werfstraat prison Surabaya 10 Nov 1945

Dear Siddant,

Jack Boer had written a book about his work for the BPM (Bataafse Petroleum Maatschappij - petrol Company) which also dealt with this prelude to the battle of Surabaya.

Jack passed away on September 5th

Mrs Pia van der Molen of the dutch media has compiled a documentary on Jack Boer and his Gurkha soldiers which aired in dutch television some time ago.

My dad din't get around writing his book about his experiences during those days. He passed away on May 31st 2007. Aged 82

He was still in the process of gathering relevant articles and writing his memoires out in notes.

Men like Jack Boer and my dad have been in the thick of it. The liberated prisoners were sent off to Singapore but my dad and a handful of Dutch Eurasians refused to flee and also rendered their services as guides / translators to the Gurkhas. Nothing was ever known or said about these "kalongs", only by telling me once I had reached the right age, only then I came to know about it. That also helped my dad staying in what had then become the republic of Indonesia until the late 1950's at which stage he was offered the choice for the Indonesian nationality or retaining the dutch nationality. Well, if the Indonesians would then have known what he had undertaken with the Gurkha's during the "Bersiap" (indonesian independence struggle) period.

There is not much about the Werfstraat prison rescue action in the way of books, besides what has been written by Jack Boer and some loose articles. However about the battle of Surabaya there are a number of websites that render factual articles concerning the events that unfolded in the struggle. Things like the # tearing up of the Dutch flag at the Oranje Hotel. # The murder of Brigadier Mallaby at the Red Bridge across the Internatio Building. # The fire at the "Raad van Justitie" (Justice Council) building which previously served as the Ken Pei Tai (Japanese Secret service / Gestapo) Head Quarters. # The three R.A.P.W.I. transports of women and children that got attacked by Indonesian Pemuda's (young freedom rebels) leaving the evacuees of but 1 transport alive. The lorries carrying them were brought to safety yet again by the British-Indian army.

Even Japanese soldiers that had surrendered were ordered to guard Europeans against the Indonesians who were swept up by "Bung Tomo", a republican propagandist who enraged the Indonesians against all that was dutch or european imperialist.

I am afraid that all the websites I found on the subject, dealt with the matter in either the Dutch or Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) language.

Mind you they gave a very detailed account of the battle.

On You Tube you will be able to find 2 movies about the battle of Surabaya which had been posted by Indionesians looking at the matter from their perspective.

I watched them and must say that they are very accurate and as I said they are viewed from an Indonesian angle.

Being a military buff myself I tried not to mind the insignia on both the dutch and british uniforms, which had been replaced by generic badges and patches.

 

They are Indonesian productions and therefore in the Bahasa Indonesia language.

"Soerabaia 45" and "Pasukan Berani Mati"

1993. Aged 82.